Content reviewed against published AAP, ACAAI guidelines
Key takeaways
- Early allergen introduction (from 4-6 months) is now recommended by the AAP and can significantly reduce the risk of developing food allergies.
- The top 9 allergens are milk, egg, peanut, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, and sesame -- introduce them one at a time.
- Watch for signs of an allergic reaction: hives, swelling of lips or tongue, vomiting, difficulty breathing, or widespread rash within minutes to hours after eating.
- Babies with severe eczema or existing food allergies are at higher risk and may benefit from early evaluation by an allergist before introduction.
Top 9 Allergens
0/9 clearedCow's Milk
Can introduce dairy products (yogurt, cheese) from 6 months. Whole milk as a drink from 12 months.
Introduction protocol
- Start with a small amount of plain whole-milk yogurt
- Wait 3-5 days before introducing another new food
- Watch for reactions for at least 2 hours after first exposure
- Gradually increase amount over several days
Watch for
- Hives or skin rash
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Bloody stool
- Fussiness or excessive gas
- Eczema flare-up
Common foods: Yogurt, Cheese, Butter, Cream, Ice cream
Egg
Introduce well-cooked egg from 6 months. Early introduction may reduce allergy risk.
Introduction protocol
- Start with a small amount of well-cooked egg (scrambled is easiest)
- Offer both white and yolk - the protein that causes reactions is in the white
- Wait 3-5 days before introducing another new food
- Continue offering 2-3 times per week to maintain tolerance
Watch for
- Hives around mouth or body
- Vomiting
- Swelling of face or lips
- Worsening eczema
Common foods: Scrambled egg, Hard-boiled egg, Egg in baked goods
Peanut
AAP recommends introducing peanut as early as 4-6 months, especially for high-risk babies (those with severe eczema or egg allergy).
Introduction protocol
- NEVER give whole peanuts or chunky peanut butter - choking risk
- Mix smooth peanut butter with warm water or breast milk to thin it
- Or use peanut puffs (like Bamba) softened in milk
- Start with a tiny amount on the tip of a spoon
- Wait 10 minutes, then give a bit more if no reaction
- For high-risk babies, discuss with your pediatrician first
Watch for
- Hives
- Swelling of face, lips, or tongue
- Vomiting
- Coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing - call 911
Common foods: Thinned peanut butter, Peanut puffs, Bamba snacks
Tree Nuts
Introduce tree nut butters (thinned) from 6 months. Never give whole nuts - choking hazard until age 4+.
Introduction protocol
- Use smooth nut butters thinned with water or milk
- Introduce one tree nut at a time
- Wait 3-5 days between new tree nuts
- Continue offering regularly to maintain tolerance
Watch for
- Hives or rash
- Swelling
- Vomiting
- Difficulty breathing - call 911
Common foods: Almond butter, Cashew butter, Walnut
Wheat
Introduce wheat-containing foods from 6 months.
Introduction protocol
- Start with infant cereal or soft bread strips
- Wait 3-5 days before introducing another allergen
- Watch for digestive symptoms
Watch for
- Hives or rash
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Bloating or excessive gas
- Eczema flare-up
Common foods: Bread, Pasta, Cereal, Crackers
Soy
Introduce soy foods from 6 months.
Introduction protocol
- Start with soft tofu - mash it or cut into small pieces
- Edamame should be mashed or cut (choking risk when whole)
- Wait 3-5 days before next new food
Watch for
- Hives
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Fussiness
- Eczema flare-up
Common foods: Tofu, Edamame, Soy yogurt
Fish
Introduce well-cooked, deboned fish from 6 months. Great source of omega-3.
Introduction protocol
- Start with mild white fish (cod, tilapia) - flake it finely
- Ensure all bones are removed
- Cook thoroughly - no sushi or raw fish for babies
- Wait 3-5 days before next new allergen
Watch for
- Hives or skin rash
- Vomiting
- Swelling of face or lips
- Difficulty breathing - call 911
Common foods: Salmon, Cod, Tilapia
Shellfish
Can introduce well-cooked shellfish from 6 months. Finely chop or puree.
Introduction protocol
- Cook thoroughly and chop finely or puree
- Start with a very small amount
- Watch closely for reactions - shellfish allergy can be severe
- Wait 3-5 days before next new allergen
Watch for
- Hives
- Swelling of face, lips, or throat
- Vomiting
- Difficulty breathing - call 911
Common foods: Shrimp, Crab, Lobster
Sesame
Introduce sesame from 6 months. Sesame was added as a major allergen in 2023.
Introduction protocol
- Start with a thin layer of tahini mixed into puree or on toast
- Or offer hummus (contains tahini)
- Wait 3-5 days before next new allergen
- Continue offering regularly
Watch for
- Hives or rash
- Vomiting
- Swelling
- Difficulty breathing - call 911
Common foods: Tahini, Sesame seeds (ground), Hummus
Frequently asked questions
When should I start introducing allergens to my baby?
How can I prevent peanut allergy in my baby?
What does an allergic reaction look like in a baby?
Should I wait between introducing each allergen?
Bottom line
Early and consistent allergen introduction is one of the most effective strategies for reducing food allergy risk. Introduce the top 9 allergens one at a time starting between 4 and 6 months, monitor for reactions, and keep offering tolerated allergens regularly. If your baby has severe eczema or a family history of allergies, talk to your pediatrician or allergist before starting.
Trust your instincts. If something feels wrong, reach out to your pediatrician. Worrying about your baby means you care — that is a good thing.
All content follows our editorial policy and is reviewed against published clinical guidelines.
2,705 evidence-based guides6 authoritative medical sources5 medical advisory board members
Based on AAP and LEAP study guidelines. Discuss allergen introduction timing with your pediatrician, especially if your baby has severe eczema or a family history of food allergies. All data stays on your device.